Peer-Reviewed Publications (2016 – 2024)

Trainees underlined

1. Salami B, Kalenga CZ, Olukotun M, Renzaho A, Maduforo A, Serrano-Lomelin JA, Tunde-Byass M, King R, Richter S, Ladha T, Senthilselvan A, Bailey P, Ospina MB. Ethnic and racialized disparities in the use of screening services for Pap smears and mammograms in Canada. Cancer Medicine 2024. Manuscript ID: CAM4-2024-02-0911.
2. Cuervo LG, Villamizar CJ, Cuervo D, Zapata P, Ospina MB, Valencia SM, et al. Improving accessibility to radiotherapy services in Cali, Colombia: Cross-sectional equity analyses using open data and big data travel times from 2020. Int J Equity Health 2024 Aug 15; 23:161. doi: 10.1186/s12939-024-02211-6
3. Cuervo LG, Villamizar CJ, Osorio L, Ospina MB, Cuervo DE, Cuervo D, Bula MO, Zapata P, Owens NJ, Hatcher-Roberts J, Martin EA, Piquero F, Pinilla LF, Martinez-Herrera E, Jaramillo C. Dynamic measurements of geographical accessibility considering traffic congestion using open data: cross-sectional assessment for haemodialysis services in Cali, Colombia. Lancet Regional Health – Americas 2024 Jun;34:100752. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100752.
4. Owais S, Ospina MB, Ford C, Hill T, Savoy CD, Van Lieshout R. Screen time and socioemotional and behavioral difficulties among First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children in Canada. Can J Psychiatry 2024 May;69(5): 337-346. doi: 10.1177/07067437231223333.
5. Lau S, Czuczman N, Dennett L, Hicks M, Ospina MB. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders among Indigenous children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Accepted at Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Open 2024 Apr 03. doi: 10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.02.007.
6. Kim JJY, Dennett L, Ospina MB, Hicks A, Vliagoftis H, Adatia A. Effectiveness of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in preventing infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology. 2024 Apr 10;20(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s13223-024-00886-8.
7. Ospina MB, Bailleux M. Nurturing healthy futures: Unveiling promising policy avenues to tackle root causes of poor health in early years. Evid Based Nurs 2024 Apr 27(2): 58. doi: 10.1136/ebnurs-2023-103760.
8. Amjad S, Tromburg C, Adesunkanmi M, Mawa J, Mahbub N, Campbell S, Chari R, Rowe BH, Ospina MB. Social determinants of health and pediatric emergency department outcomes: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med 2024 Apr; 83(4): 291-313. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.10.010.
9. Krebs LD, Villa-Roel C, Ospina MB, Holroyd BR, Rowe BH, On behalf of the PRIHS-2 Choosing Wisely Team. Helping patients navigate their emergency department visit: testing the utility of a poster illustrating the patient journey. Patient Experience Journal 2024. 11(1): https://pxjournal.org/journal/vol11/iss1/11
10. Krebs LD, Villa-Roel C, Yang EH, Couperthwaite S, Ospina MB, Holroyd BR, Rowe BH, for the PRIHS-2 Choosing Wisely Team. Physician management and CT ordering in the emergency department for primary headaches. Can J Neurol Sciences. 2024; Jan 18. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2024.6
11. Lihme F, Savu A, Basita S, Siac W, Yeung R, Barrett O, Luomab L, Ngwezib D, Davidge S, Norris CM, Ospina MB, Cooke C-L, Greinerh R, Wohlfahrta J, Melbyei M, Lykke J, Kaul P, Boyd HA. Time trends in preeclampsia and gestational diabetes in Denmark and Alberta, Canada, 2005-2018: A population-based cohort study. Acta Obst Gynecol Scand. 2024 Feb; 103(2): 266-75.
12. Rosychuk RJ, Chen A, Ospina MB, McRae A, Hu XJ, McLane P. Transitions in health care states for frequent and infrequent users of emergency departments: a population-based retrospective cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023 Nov; 23: 1250. doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10260-w.
13. Voaklander B, Sanni O, Serrano-Lomelin JA, James A, Cordingley C, Bartel R, Eurich D, Ospina MB. Diabetes during pregnancy among the Métis in Alberta: a retrospective cohort study. CMAJ 2023 Nov 20;195:E1533-42. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.230175.
14. Moore LE, Serrano-Lomelin J, Rosychuk RJ, Kozyrskyj A, Chari R, Crawford S, Bakal J, Hicks A, Ducharme FM, Ospina MB. Perinatal and early life-factors and asthma control among preschoolers: a population-based retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2023 Sep; 10(1):e001928. doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001928.
15. Elmrayed S, Pinto J, Tough SC, McDonald SW, Scime NV, Wollny K, Lee Y, Kramer MS, Ospina MB, Lorenzetti DL, Madubueze A, Leung AA, Kumar M, Fenton TR. Small for gestational age preterm infants and later adiposity and height. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Perinatal Epidemiol. 2023. Sep 37(7): 652-68. doi:10.1111/ppe.13002.
16. Fenton TR, Elmrayed S, Scime NV, Tough SC, Pinto J, Sabet F, Wollny K, Lee Y, Harrison TG, Alladin-Karan B, Kramer MS, Ospina MB, Lorenzetti DL, Madubueze A, Leung AA, Kumar M. Small for date preterm infants and risk of higher blood pressure in later life. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Perinatal Epidemiol. 2023. Jul; 37(5):458-472. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12955.
17. Matenchuk B, Rosychuk RJ, Rowe BH, Metcalfe A, Crawford S, Jelinski S, Serrano-Lomelin J, Ospina MB. Emergency department visits during pregnancy. Ann Emerg Med. 2023 Feb; 81(2): 197-208. doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.06.021.
18. Misita D, Aulakh S, Jain V, Quintanilha M, Ospina MB, Bell RC. Prenatal nutrition care in Alberta: The perspectives of pregnant women and registered dietitians. Can J Diet Pract Res 2023;84(2):77-83 doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2022-031.
19. Cuervo LG, Jaramillo C, Cuervo D, Martinez-Herrera E, Hatcher-Roberts J, Pinilla LF, Bula MO, Osorio L, Zapata P, Piquero-Villegas F, Ospina MB, Villamizar CJ. Dynamic geographical accessibility assessments to improve health equity: protocol for a test case in Cali, Colombia. [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. F1000Research 2022, 11:1394. doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127294.1
20. Rafiee A, Ospina MB, Pitt TM, Quémerais B. Oxidative stress and DNA damage resulting from welding fumes exposure among professional welders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res 2022 Nov; 214(Pt 4):114152. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114152.
21. Cuervo LG, Martinez- Herrera E, Osorio L, Hatcher-Roberts J, Cuervo D, et al. Dynamic accessibility by car to tertiary care emergency services in Cali, Colombia, in 2020: cross-sectional equity analyses using travel time big data from a Google API. BMJ Open 2022;0:e062178. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2022-062178
22. Atwood CE, Bhutani M, Ospina MB, Rowe BH, Leigh R, Deuchar L, Faris P, Michas M, Mrklas K, Graham J, Aceron R, Damant R, Green L, Hirani N, Longard K, Meyer V, Mitchell P, Tsai W, Walker B, Stickland MK. Optimizing COPD acute care patient outcomes using a standardized transition bundle and care coordinator: a randomized clinical trial. CHEST 2022 Aug 162(2):321-30. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.03.047.
23. Zhang C, Hicks M, Ospina MB, Vishnu M, Alnouri G, Dennett L, Sataloff R, Hicks A. The impact of identifying laryngeal obstruction syndromes on reducing treatment of pediatric asthma: A systematic review. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022 Jun;57(6):1401-1415. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25910
24. Owais S, Tsai Z, Hill T, Ospina MB, Wright A, Van Lieshout RJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis: First Nations, Inuit, and Métis youth mental health. JAACAP 2022 Apr 12;S0890-8567(22)00189-7.doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.029.
25. D’Souza R, Seymour RJ, Knight M, Dzakpasu S, Joseph KS, Thorne S, Ospina MB, Barrett J, Cook J, Fell D, Scott H, Metcalfe A, Van Der Akker T, Lapinsky S, Skeith L, Murray-Davis B, Shah P, Ashraf R, Chundamala J, Hutchinson S, Chen KK, Malhamé I. Feasibility of establishing a Canadian Obstetric Survey System (CanOSS) for severe maternal morbidity: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2022 Mar 23;12(3):e061093. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061093.
26. Rosychuk RJ, Chen A, McRae A, Ospina MB, Hu XJ. Age-varying effects of repeated emergency department presentations for children. J Health Serv Res Pol 2022 May 6;13558196221094248. doi: 10.1177/13558196221094248.
27. Matenchuk B, Rosychuk RJ, Rowe H, Metcalfe A, Crawford S, Jelinski S, Serrano-Lomelin J, Ospina MB. Emergency department visits during the postpartum period: A Canadian cohort study. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2022 Jun 79(6):543-53. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.419.
28. Rosychuk RJ, Chen A, McRae A, McLane P, Ospina MB, Stang AS. Characteristics of pediatric frequent users of emergency departments in Alberta and Ontario. Pediatric Emergency Care 2022; 38(3): 108-14. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002569.
29. Amjad S, Adesunkanmi M, Twynstra J, Seabrook JA, Ospina MB. Social determinants of health and adverse outcomes in adolescent pregnancies. Seminars of Reproductive Medicine 2022 Mar 40 (1-2):116-23. doi: 10.-55/s-0041-1735847.
30. Henry S, Ospina MB, Dennett E, Hicks A. Assessing the risk of respiratory-related healthcare visits associated with wildfire smoke exposure in children 0-18 years old: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 2021; 18: 8799. doi: 10.3390/ ijerph18168799.
31. Kassam S, Serrano-Lomelin J, Hicks A, Crawford S, Bakal JA, Ospina MB. Geography as a determinant of health: health services utilization of pediatric respiratory illness in a Canadian province. Int J Environ Health Res 2021; 18(16):8347. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168347.
32. Amjad S, Chojecki D, Osornio-Vargas A, Ospina MB. Wildfire exposure during pregnancy and the risk of adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review. Environment International 2021 Nov; 156:106644. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106644.
33. Desai V, Kozyrskyj AL, Lau S, Sanni O, Dennett L, Walter J, Ospina MB. Effectiveness of probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic supplementation to improve perinatal mental health in mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2021;12:622181. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.622181.
34. DeMarco N, Twynstra J, Ospina M, Darrington M, Whippey C, Seabrook J. Prevalence of low birth weight, premature birth, and stillbirth among pregnant adolescents in Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2021;34(4): 530-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.03.003.
35. Gragasin F, Ospina MB, Serrano-Lomelin J, Kim SH, Kokotilo M, Woodman AG, Renaud SJ, Bourque SL. Maternal and cord blood hemoglobin as determinants of placental weight and efficiency: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Medicine 2021;10(5) 995. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10050997.
36. Polisena J, Sanni O, Matenchuk B, Livergant R, Amjad S, Zoric I, Haddad N, Morrison A, Kumanan W, Bogoch II, Welch V, Ospina MB. Public health measures to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Canada during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. BMJ Open. 2021 Mar 9;11(3):e046177. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046177.
37. Serrano-Lomelin J, Hicks A, Kumar M, Johnson DW, Chari R, Osornio-Vargas A, Crawford S, Bakal J, Ospina MB. Patterns of respiratory health services utilization from birth to 5 years of children who experienced adverse birth outcomes. PLoS One. 2021. Feb 19;16(2):e0247527. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247527.
38. Pilhegas A, Prior A, Ospina MB, Jain V. Decreasing insulin requirements in pregnancy with preexisting or gestational diabetes: management practices across Canada. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Canada 2021. Jan 5;S1701-2163(20)31037. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.12.015.
39. Chen A, Ospina M, McRae A, McLane P, Hu J, Fielding S, Rosychuk RJ. Characteristics of frequent users of emergency departments in Alberta and Ontario, Canada: an administrative data study. CJEM 2021; 23(2): 206-13 doi.org/10.1007/s43678-020-00013-7.
40. Serrano-Lomelin J, Nielsen C, Hicks A, Crawford S, Bakal J, Ospina M. Geographic inequalities of respiratory health services utilization during childhood in Edmonton and Calgary, Canada: a tale of two cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020 Dec 2;17(23)8973. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238973.
41. Moore LE, Voaklander B, Savu A, Yeung R, Ryan E, Chojecki D, Kaul P, Ospina MB. Association between the antepartum oral glucose tolerance test and the risk of future type 2 diabetes mellitus among women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications 2021;35(4): 107804. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107804
42. Chen A, Fielding S, Hu J, McLane P, McRae A, Ospina M, Rosychuk R. Frequent users of emergency departments and patient flow in Alberta and Ontario, Canada: an administrative data study. BMC Health Services Research 2020. 20(1):938. doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05774-6.
43. Sanni OB, Chambers T, Li J, Rowe S, Woodman AG, Ospina MB, Bourque SL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the correlation between maternal and neonatal iron status and haematologic indices. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 27:100555. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100555.
44. Ospina MB, Serrano-Lomelin J, Amjad S, Hicks A, Giesbrecht G. Complex exposures require comprehensive and accurate analysis. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2021; 12(2):345-6. doi: 10.1017/S2040174420000458.
45. Sagaidak S, Rowe BH, Ospina MB, Rosychuk R. Emergency department crowding negatively influences outcomes for children presenting with acute asthma: a population-based cohort study. Pediatric Research 2020; 89(3):679-85. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-0918-2.
46. Voaklander B, Rowe S, Sanni O, Campbell S, Eurich D, Ospina MB. The prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy among Indigenous women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Global Health 2020;8(5): e681-e698. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30046-2
47. Rowe S, Karkhaneh Z, MacDonald I, Chambers T, Amjad S, Osornio-Vargas A, Chari R, Kumar M, Ospina MB. Systematic Review of the measurement properties of indices of prenatal care utilization. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2020 Mar 18;20(1):171. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-2822-5.
48. Hirji A, Zhao H, Ospina MB, Serrano-Lomelin J, Hubert M, Lien DC, Levy RD, Singer LG. Clinical judgment versus lung allocation score in predicting waitlist mortality. Clinical Transplantation 2020;34(7) e13870. doi: 10.1111/ctr.13870.
49. Michas M, Deuchar L, Leigh R, Bhutani M, Rowe BH, Stickland MK, Ospina MB, for the COPD PRIHS-2 Group. Factors influencing the implementation and uptake of a discharge care bundle for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative focus group study. Implementation Science Communications 2020. 1:3. doi.org/10.1186/s43058-020-00017-5
50. Ospina MB, Osornio-Vargas A, Nielsen CC, Crawford S, Kumar M, Aziz K, Serrano-Lomelin J. Socioeconomic gradients of adverse birth outcomes and related maternal factors in rural and urban Alberta, Canada: a concentration index approach. BMJ Open 2020;10:e033296. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033296
51. Belon AP, Serrano-Lomelin J, Nykiforuk C, Hicks A, Crawford S, Bakal J, Ospina MB. Health gradients in emergency department visits and hospitalizations for pediatric respiratory diseases. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2020;34(20):150-60. doi:10.1111/ppe.12639. Top Cited Article 2020-2021.
52. Ospina MB, Serrano-Lomelin J, Amjad S, Hicks A, Giesbrecht G. Latent factors of adverse childhood experiences and adult onset asthma. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2021;12(1):50-57. doi:10.1017/S2040174419000886.
53. Craincross ZF, Chaput K, McMorris C, Ospina MB, Metcalfe A. Roles of the underlying cause of delivery and gestational age on long-term child health. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2020;34(3):331-40. DOI:10.1111/ppe.12648.
54. Frenette P, Crawford S, Schulz J, Ospina MB. Author response: the type of episiotomy should be studied carefully. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Canada 2019. 41(11):1549-50. 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.06.001
55. Amjad S, Chandra S, Osornio-Vargas A, Voaklander D, Ospina MB. Maternal area of residence, socioeconomic status and risk of adverse maternal and birth outcomes in adolescent mothers. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Canada 2019;41(12):1752-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.02.126.
56. Black K, Chambers T, MacDonald I, Ospina MB. Postpartum mental health disorders in Indigenous women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Canada 2019;41(10):1470-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.02.009.
57. Frenette P. Crawford S, Schulz J, Ospina MB. Impact of episiotomy during operative vaginal delivery on obstetrical anal sphincter injuries. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Canada 2019. 41(12):1734-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2019.02.016
58. Ahmed H, Ospina M, Sideri K, Vliagoftis H. Retrospective analysis of aeroallergen's sensitization patterns in Northern Alberta. Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology 2019; 15(6): https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-019-0320-y
59. Kozyrskyj AL, Bourque SL, Ospina MB. Microbiota be nimble. EBioMedicine 2019; 39:21-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.058
60. Amjad S, MacDonald I, Chambers T, Osornio-Vargas A, Chandra S, Voaklander D, Ospina MB. Social determinants of health and adverse maternal and birth outcomes in adolescent pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2019;33(1):88-99. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12529
61. Villa-Roel C, Ospina M, Majumdar SR, Couperthwaite S, Rawe E, Nikel T, Rowe BH. Engaging patients and primary care providers in the design of novel opinion leader based interventions for acute asthma in the emergency department: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Services Research. 2018; 18(1):789. doi/10.1186/s12913-018-3587-7
62. Pendharkar S, Ospina M, Southern D, Hirani N, Graham J, Faris P, Bhutani M, Leigh R, Mody C. Stickland M. Effectiveness of a standardized electronic admission order set for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2018;18:93. doi: 10.1186/s12890-018-0657-x
63. Ospina MB, Michas M, Deuchar L, Leigh R, Bhutani M, Rowe BH, Marciniuk D, Goodridge D, Dechman G, Bourbeau J, Balter M, Camp P, Hernandez P, Goldstein RS, Stickland MK, PhD, for the COPD PRIHS-2 Group. Development of a patient-centered, evidence- and consensus-based discharge care bundle for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMJ Open Respiratory Research 2018; 5(1):e000265. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000265.
64. Rosychuk RJ, Ospina M, Zhang J, Leigh R, Cave A, Rowe BH. Sex differences in outcomes after discharge from the emergency department for asthma in Alberta, Canada: a population-based study. Journal of Asthma 2018 Aug 55(8):817-25. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1373805
65. Villa-Roel C, Voaklander B, Ospina MB, Nikel T, Campbell S, Rowe BH. Effectiveness of written asthma action plans for acute asthma: a systematic review. Journal of Asthma 2017Apr 28:1-8. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1318142.
66. Ospina MB, Mrklas K, Deuchar L, Rowe BH, Leigh R, Bhutani M, Stickland M. A systematic review of the effectiveness of discharge care bundles for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2017,72(1):31-39. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208820. (Editor’s choice).
67. Moe J, Kirkland SK, Rawe E, Ospina MB, Vandermeer B, Campbell S, Rowe BH. Effectiveness of interventions to decrease emergency department visits by adult frequent users: A systematic review. Academic Emergency Medicine 2017, 26(1):40-52 (Editor-in-Chief Pick). doi: 10.1111/acem.13060
68. Ospina MB, Rowe BH, Voaklander D, Sentilselvan A, Stickland MK, King M. Emergency department visits after diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Aboriginal people in Alberta, Canada Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016 Nov,18(6):420-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.328
69. Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Berney C, Villa-Roel C, Ospina MB, Osornio-Vargas A, Rowe BH. The role of socioeconomic position as an effect-modifier of the association between outdoor air pollution and children’s asthma exacerbations: An equity-focused systematic review. Reviews Environmental Health 2016 Sep 1, 31(3):297-309. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0005
70. Ling L, Ospina MB, Sideri K, Vliagoftis H. Retrospective analysis on the agreement between skin prick test and serum food specific IgE antibody results in adults with suspected food allergy. Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology 2016,20:30. Doi 10.1186/s13223-016-0136-y
71. Saltaji H, Ospina MB, Armijo-Olivo S, Agarwal S, Cummings GG, Amin M, Flores-Mir C. Evaluation of risk of bias assessment of trials in systematic reviews of oral health interventions, 1991-2014: a methodology study. Journal of the American Dental Association 2016,147(9):720-28. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.03.017
72. Villa-Roel C, Taylor N, Ospina M, Voaklander B, Campbell S, Rowe BH. Effectiveness of educational interventions to increase primary care follow-up for adults seen in the emergency department for acute asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Academic Emergency Medicine 2016,23(1):5-13. doi: 10.1111/acem.12837
73. Riddell M, Ospina M, Holroyd-Leduc J. Use of femoral nerve blocks to manage hip fracture pain among older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review. CJEM 2016,18(4):245-52.
74. Moe J, Kirkland SK, Ospina MB, Campbell S, Long R, Davidson A, Duke P, Tamura T, Trahan L, Rowe BH. Mortality, admission rates and outpatient use among frequent users of emergency departments: A systematic review. Emerg Med J 2016,33(3):230-6.